One cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy can help select patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer who would best be treated with organ-preserving therapy

 

Most patients with laryngeal cancer desire a larynx-preserving treatment in order to retain the ability to talk. The standard treatment for locally advanced laryngeal cancer is chemoradiation.  However, some patients have tumors that are relatively insensitive to chemotherapy and radiation, and may be better served by surgery. We designed a protocol utilizing one cycle of induction chemotherapy to determine which patients should be treated with definitive chemoradiation, and which patients should go immediately to surgery. 

Ninety-seven patients were treated with one cycle of cisplatin 100 mg/m2 and fluorouracil 1000 mg/m2/day x 5 days. Those who achieved a partial or complete response to treatment (75% of patients) were considered to be very chemosensitive, and it therefore made sense to administer definitive radiation with concurrent cisplatin 100 mg /m2 x 3 cycles, and then 2 more cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy.  Patients who had minimal response, no response, or disease progression during the one cycle of induction chemotherapy (25% of patients) had chemoresistant disease, and they underwent immediate salvage surgery.  The overall survival rate at 3 years is 85%. Most importantly, although this was not a randomized trial, we observed that the survival rate of patients who had salvage laryngectomy was similar to the survival rate for patients with successful organ preservation. The overall survival rate appears promising compared to historical controls. 

We believe that one cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy can help select patients who would best be treated with organ-preserving therapy, or surgery.  In conjunction with this clinical trial, we are also analyzing molecular markers that may be useful in determining patient treatment selection. This information will be available in the near future.

 

Bibliographical reference:

Urba S et al.: "Single-cycle induction chemotherapy selects patients with advanced laryngeal cancer for combined chemoradiation: a new treatment paradigm", J Clin Oncol. 2006 Feb 1;24(4):593-8.

 

Susan Urba
Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan