Complete Excision of Primary Breast Tumor in women diagnosed with a breast cancer already metastasized  

 

Current guidelines recommend not removing the primary breast tumor in women diagnosed with a breast cancer already metastasized and clinicians believe that there is no survival advantage once metastases have occurred and tumor excision may further stimulate the growth of the metastases.  

In our study we evaluated the impact on survival of surgical removal of the breast tumor among 300 women with metastatic breast cancer at diagnosis registered at the Geneva Cancer Registry during the period 1977-1996. Our results show that operated women have a 50% reduction in breast cancer mortality compared to women who did not have surgery. The 5-years survival was 12% in non operated women and rises to 27% among operated women. This improvement in survival is observed only if the entire primary tumor was removed with free surgical margins. The effect of surgery was not different among patients with different sites of metastasis; however, it was particularly evident among women with only bone metastases at diagnosis. In contrast, survival of women who had surgery with positive surgical margins was not different from that of non-operated women. 

We believe that there is an important survival benefit operating patients with metastatic breast tumour.  Multicentric randomized clinical trials are needed to re-evaluate the treatment paradigm “no surgery of the primary tumor” in breast cancer with metastases at diagnosis and to determine the impact of breast surgery on outcome of these patients.  

 

Bibliographical reference:

Rapiti E et al.: "Complete Excision of Primary Breast Tumor Improves Survival of Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer at Diagnosis",
J Clin Oncol. 2006 May 15; [Epub ahead of print]

 

Elisabetta Rapiti

Geneva Cancer Registry, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland