Management of chronic radiation enteritis

 

Chronic radiation enteritis is a fearful complication of abdominal and pelvic radiotherapy. The pathogenesis is still unclear and the management is difficult and often controversial. Clinical manifestations range from simple malabsorption to bleeding, fistulae and perforation. The alteration of intestinal transit with mechanical obstruction is the most common clinical sign. In the past all patients were surgically treated, however surgery is not always successful and it has an high morbidity and mortality. An alternative is a conservative approach with bowel rest and long term parenteral nutrition.

In our study we retrospectively analyzed long term out come of patients with mechanical bowel obstruction due to chronic radiation enteritis. Often both treatment are necessary, but data shows that a conservative approach can be successful in more than half of the patients and long term survival is significantly higher in patients initially treated with bowel rest and supported with home parenteral nutrition.

 

Bibliographical reference:

Gavazzi C et al.: "Role of home parenteral nutrition in chronic radiation enteritis"., Am J Gastroenterol. 2006 Feb;101(2):374-9

 

Cecilia Gavazzi

Clinical Nutrition Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italy