Conservative management of non-bloody nipple discharge

 

 

Traditionally, it is believed that up to 10-20% of pathological breast discharge is associated with breast carcinoma. As a result of this numerous women with breast discharge undergo exploratory surgery to rule out serious pathology. In recent years however, there has been a considerable improvement in preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer. We hypothesised that those with no obvious carcinoma, undergoing microdochectomy or major duct excision for nipple discharge would have a low rate of carcinoma on excision. 

In this study, we assessed 211 consecutive patients over a 14-year period (1991-2005) who had a major duct excision for the evaluation of nipple discharge.  Of these, 116 patients had pathological (unilateral, uniductal serous or bloody) discharge. On excision, 6% of patients with pathological discharge and 2.4% of patients with non-pathological discharge were diagnosed with carcinoma.  Overall, major duct excision resulted in the diagnosis of carcinoma in 4.3%, ADH/LCIS in 4%, papilloma in 39%, and duct ectasia or non-specific benign disease in 53% of patients. None of the 59 patients with non-bloody discharge were found to have carcinoma upon excision. 

These results demonstrate that microdochectomy or major duct excision performed for evaluation of nipple discharge resulted in a low rate of malignancy on excision. Patients with non-bloody nipple discharge were at particularly low risk, and could potentially be managed conservatively.

 

Bibliographical reference:

Dillon MF et al.: "The role of major duct excision and microdochectomy in the detection of breast carcinoma", BMC Cancer. 2006 Jun 23;6(1):164

 

Mary Dillon

Department of Surgery, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland