Oral combination of melphalan, prednisone and thalidomide in elderly patients with multiple myeloma

 

 

Since 1960 standard treatment for multiple myeloma patients older than 65 years of age has remained oral melphalan and prednisone. So far no major improvement in outcome from the original combination MP has been achieved in these elderly patients and new treatments are urgently needed. Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug with strong antimyeloma activity. It is an effective treatment for multiple myeloma at disease recurrence and at diagnosis, both as a single agent and in combination with steroids or chemotherapy. Few data are available on the association of thalidomide with standard chemotherapy in newly diagnosed elderly patients. We recently described a randomised trial that compared oral melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide (MPT) with MP alone in 60 to 85 years old patients.

Two hundred and fifty-five myeloma patients at diagnosis received either oral MP for six four-week cycles plus thalidomide or MP alone. Patients in MPT arm experienced higher response rates (76% versus 48%) than patients who were not. Event-free survival was significantly improved, by approximately 16 months, in patients who received thalidomide as compared with those who did not. In the MPT group the frequency of adverse events was higher, but this frequency was reduced by standard procedures.

In conclusion oral MPT is superior to MP as first-line treatment for elderly patients with multiple myeloma in term of response rate and event-free survival. Longer follow-up is needed to assess the effect on overall survival.

Our prospective randomised study provides the first evidence that the oral combination of melphalan prednisone and thalidomide is more effective than standard treatment.

 

Bibliographical reference:

Palumbo A et al.: "Oral melphalan and prednisone chemotherapy plus thalidomide compared with melphalan and prednisone alone in elderly patients with multiple myeloma: randomised controlled trial", Lancet. 2006 Mar 11;367(9513):825-31

 

 

Sara Bringhen, Antonio Palumbo

Divisione di Ematologia dell'Università di Torino, Azienda Ospedaliera San Giovanni Battista, Torino, Italy